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Basic Principles of Wound Care: A wound can be described as a disturbance of the normal anatomical relationship between body tissues and is generally accompanied by a break in the skin. As soon as a wound occurs, the skin and its components become actively involved in the wound healing process to restore the integrity of the skin as soon as possible and to ensure its protective function. The depth classification or grading of pressure soars, burns, and leg ulcers is assessed by determining which skin structures and/or underlying tissues have been penetrated or damaged. ​ The skin as an organ: ​ The skin is one of the largest and one of the most important organs of the body, considering the variety of functions it performs. This organ is often damaged because of its direct contact with the external environment. Skin damage includes injuries such as bruises, abrasions, and stab wounds; exposure to nature’s elements, such as sunburn; and exposure to chemicals. An adult’s skin surface area is approximately 1,2 - 2,0 m2 and compromises approximately 16-17% - one-sixth of total body weight. Under normal circumstances, it receives approximately 33% of the circulating blood volume. It has a PH of 5.5 (slightly acid), which affords the skin certain protective properties. Only normal skin flora flourishes in the acid environment of intact skin and together with the acid environment inhibits the proliferation and colonization of pathogenic micro-organisms. As an organ, the skin is a combination of various tissue types that carry out complex and specific functions in collaboration and mutual interaction with one another. All four primary tissue types- epithelium, connective, muscle, and neural – occur in the skin.

Diabetic Wounds Diabetes is a disease caused by the pancreas producing too little insulin, or where the body is unable to use the insulin correctly. Having high levels of sugar in the blood over a period of time leads to complications which will affect your health negatively and may be life-threatening. If diabetes is left untreated it might lead to the following complications: Eye disease – Damage of the blood vessels in the eye, which may lead to blindness. Risk of cataract and glaucoma. Cardiovascular disease: Increased blood pressure Stroke – Increased likelihood due to narrowing of arteries Skin conditions – Increased susceptibility to skin problems, including bacterial and fungal infections. Kidney damage – Damage to the filtering system may lead to kidney failure or end-stage kidney disease. Nerve damage – Damage to nerve due to excess sugar leads to loss of feeling in the hands and feet. Foot damage – Lack of proper blood flow to the feet, or nerve damage, increase the risk of various complications. Minor injuries (blisters of cuts), if left untreated, can develop serious infections, which become difficult to treat and may require amputation of toe, foot or leg. A large percentage of diabetics develop foot problems. Ilosun Ointment has shown remarkable results with diabetic wounds. ​ Burns The ideal for any burn is to apply Ilosun immediately or as soon as possible onto the burned area to extract pain, reduce swelling, remove dead wound tissue, and start with the healing process immediately. Ilosun’s research and patient studies have shown analgesic effect and cooling down on the burned area. Partial Thickness burns Partial-thickness burns and wounds have the capacity to heal rapidly because of the presence of viable dermal components. If the wound is treated immediately with Ilosun Ointment, re-epithelization occurs from the base and the edge of the burn. Wound healing should be completed in a short period of time. Patient studies with partial-thickness burns have shown a protective skin layer in only 5 days and epidermis is developed that is not pigmented and horrified, minimizing scar formation. Immediate application of Ilosun ointment after injury will prevent complications like over granulation and skin grafts. (Refer to moist healing paragraph on "why Ilosun" page.) Full Thickness Burns Full-thickness wounds and burns only heal from the edge and therefore healing is slow in anything but the smallest burns…leading to skin grafts. Comparison studies with Ilosun Ointment on septic wounds have shown: Remarkable slough (dead tissue) removal and preparing septic wound for early skin graft and in most cases no skin graft was needed on delayed burns. Always aim toward early repair with Ilosun Ointment to prevent infection and to promote the healing process excluding complications like skin grafts. Pressure Sores During the treatment of pressure sores, try to relieve all pressure on the wound area. Ilosun Ointment will remove dead tissue till the wound bed is clean and will then start with the granulation process. Halt the formation of dead tissue by not putting pressure onto the wound area. Make sure the whole cavity is filled with Ilosun ointment. Septic Wounds & Ulcers These wounds have less swelling, bad circulation, and necrosis of tissue. Because of long-term necrosis, these wounds will only heal over a period of time, depending on the time and stage of the wounds. If Ilosun Ointment is applied to a septic wound, it will first deal with the infection; extract exudate and necrotic tissue. Do not panic if dressing shows a lot of exudate for the first period of time depending on the necrotic-and septic status of the wound. Apply a thick layer of Ilosun Ointment onto gauze and place over the entire wound area to create a moist healing environment in the form of an ointment that does not stick to the underlying wound tissues, protecting the delicate new cells. The moist environment stimulates the wound healing process and promotes better epithelial cell migration. If a wound should dry out, it impedes the recovery of the circulation and as a result, the wound grade deteriorates and resistance against local infections declines. In some cases, this moist healing environment will soften the surrounding intact skin. Try to place ointment only on the wound area. Daily dressing is required but dressings can be stretched to a second day in the case of clean wounds, showing low exudate. Clean the wound gently with Normal Saline or diluted saltwater. Do not use any strong antiseptics. Once again protect the delicate new tissue at all times. Do not interference inside the wound with harsh cleaning methods. Inspect the wound before first application for any dead tissue (grey or white color of tissue). Ilosun will remove the dead tissue and for this reason, the wound might look slightly bigger after removal of the slough. The healing process will start after the removal of dead tissue by filling up the wound cavity with granulation tissue. Long-term full-thickness wounds might tend to over granulate after the cavity has been filled up with granulation tissue. In these cases, light pressure can be applied to inhibit over granulation by making a small pad of gauze and placing it over this area. Wrap the crepe dressing slightly tighter over this gauze padding area to inhibit the over granulation. Always avoid long-standing periods and try to elevate the wound extremity. Kaposi Sarcoma Kaposi Sarcoma is caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Kaposi Sarcoma develops when infected cells that line lymph or blood vessels begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Whereas most cancers begin in one part of the body and may later spread to other areas, Kaposi Sarcoma can start in several parts of the body at the same time. Ilosun Ointment has shown remarkable results with cases of Kaposi Sarcoma and especially in HIV Third stage -Kaposi Sarcoma. ​ Ointment application Apply a thick layer of Ilosun Ointment onto gauze and place over the burned area. This creates a moist healing environment that stimulates the wound healing process and promotes better epithelial cell migration. If a wound should dry out, however, this impedes the recovery of the circulation and as a result, the grade can deteriorate, and resistance against local infections declines. For this reason, drying out of a wound should be prevented at all costs. Fingers and toes should be dressed separately and in such a way that movement can be encouraged to prevent contractures. Intact blisters should be left alone as it provides a sterile environment for the healing to occur. Ilosun will deal with the blisters in time by gently removing them with its extracting factors. Cover with crepe bandages. Always protect the delicate healing tissue when changing the dressing. Ilosun will not stick to underlying wound tissue. Soak wound or spray clean with mild diluted saltwater or 0.9% Normal Saline solution. Do not use strong disinfectants or chemicals. Do not try to remove any dead tissue or exudates manually inside the wound. Protect the delicate healing tissue at all times. Ilosun Ointment will gentle remove all dead tissue from the wound. Tip dry with clean gauze and do a new application. Do dressings daily. Clean wounds can be stretched to a second day. ​ Wound care for Burns Always aim towards the early repair of any wound, especially burns. The ideal is to apply Ilosun Ointment first-hand onto the burned areas to extract pain, reduce swelling, removal of dead tissue, and to stimulate circulation. Pain relief: During the burning, the tissues on the surface are damaged to different extents and the sensory nerve terminations are exposed to a shock-like effect and the injury is extremely painful. Aim towards the early repair of any wound to prevent prolonged healing and complications. A burn is dynamic, and infection can convert from a partial thickness wound to a full-thickness wound. This could lead to skin grafts. The longer the wound takes to heal, the greater the chance for hypertrophic scar tissue to develop.